Furnace.



Patented Sept. II, 1900.

J. G. SNDERSUN.

F U B N A C E.

(Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

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Patented Sept. II, |900.

J. G. SA-NDERSN.

F U R N C E.

(Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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Patented Sept. H, |900.

J. G. SANDERSON.

F U H N A C E (Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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Patented SBD. Il. |900.

J. G. SANDERSDN.

F U R N A C E.

(Application filed -July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

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UiTED STATES PATENT (,)EEicE` JAMES GARDNER SANDERSON, OF SCRANTON,PENNSYLVANIA.

FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,679, datedSeptember 11, 1900. Application filed July 17. 1899. SeralNo. 724,129.(No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JAMES GARDNER SAN- DERsoN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Furnaces, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to furnaces for the combustion of small or ne fuel,such as waste coal or slack, a-nthracite culm, and coke-breeze; and ithas for its object to provide improved means for handling these forms offuel both in feeding it into the furnace and causing complete combustionthereof; also, to im prove the general construction of a furnacesuitable for burning such fuel.

One feature of my invention consists in providing the passage-waybetween the fuelhopper and the interior of the furnace with a stepped orribbed feeding-plate which is intermittently reciprocated, so as togradually force the fuel into the furnace, a suitable valve cooperatingwith said plate to close the entrance and prevent escape of gas.

Another feature of my invention consists in constructing the fuel-grateof a number of superimposed trunnioned plates projecting successivelybeyond one another to form an inclined grate-surface suitably spacedapart for the free passage of air between them and each presenting innormal position an approximately-horizontal portion to support the finefuel, the plates being preferably provided with longitudinal ribs orenlargements, which have the effect of raking off a restricted portionof the fuel when the plates are rocked upon theirtrunnions intoapproximately-vertical position and also serve to substantially closethe openings between the plates by such movement and prevent dischargeof unconsumed fuel. The enlargements are preferably serrated or notchedto avoid cutting off the supply of air during the stoking operation, andtheir reciprocating movement upon their trunnions serves the additionalfunction of feeding downward any ash which is too large to pass betweenthem.

A further feature consists in providing at the bottom of the lire-potformed by the two inclined grates above described a clinker grinder anddischarger,com prising two shafts carrying laterally contiguousintermeshing spur-wheels set in a mounting or frame have ing projectionsentering and guarding the spaces between the spur-wheels on the outersides of the respective shafts.

A further feature consists in providing a centrally-disposed ash-troughbeneath the lire-pot, in which is mounted a wormescrew, and an ash-pitinto which the trough discharges and which is suitably water-sealed.

Further features relate to the specific construction ofthe body of thefurnace, whereby the necessary flues for supplying air and steam tosupport combustion are provided in an advantageous manner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a horizontal section through afurnace embodying my present invention, the section being taken upon theline l l of Fig. 3 and some of the grate-bars being omitted forperspicuity. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal vertical section in whichsome of the grate-bars and a portion of the arch-wall are omitted todisclose parts behind them. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section ofmy improved furnace, showing one means for oscillating the grate-barsupon their trunnions,together with the preferred form of fuelfeedingmechanism. Fig. Lisa partial vertical section illustrating another meansfor oscillating the grate-bars and showing a modified form of fuel-feed.Figs. 5 and 6 represent by end View and side elevation, on an enlargedscale, the construction of my improved truunioned grate-bars.

1 represents the Walls of the furnace, pref erably constructed with anon-conducting filling 2 and supported on foundation 3 through themedium of posts 4 and plates 5. The spaces between posts 4 are closed bypanels 6, containing either doors 7 or manholes 8.

9 represents the arch, supported upon the furnace walls l through themedium of a frame 10 of a construction which provides a number offuel-feed passages 1l, through which the surmounting fuel-hopper 12communicates with the furnace. Fuel is fed automatically and in measuredquantities controllable at will by means of the stepped or charger.

ribbed platesl13, working in the passages 1l.. The plates 13 havedownwardly-presented shoulders which engage measured quantities of thefuel in that direction and cause it to pass into the furnace. The plates13 are moved upward by cams 14 on constantly-rotating shafts 15, whichengage pins 16 -i-n the protruding ends of the plates beyond the wallsof the furnace and in the opposite direction by gravitation of thesuperimposed column of fuel. the plates 13 to close the openings 11against the escape of gas.

While the above-described feed apparat-us is preferable, l may employ achute substantially as shown in Fig. 4, which projects into the furnaceand is flared downwardly to overcome tendency to packing of the materialand lat the angles of the knees at the bottom of Lthe fire-pot,comprises a pair Vof shafts 28, toothed wheels 29, and longitudinal bars30,

choking of the passage. Such a feed apparatus is disclosed in my LettersPatent No. 609,705, granted August. 23, 1898.

The lire-pot is formed by two lateral grates inclined downwardly towardits center, which is closed bya clinker grinder and dis- Each grate isdivided into longitudinal sections by knees 1S, having parallel verticalportions 18L and diverging portions 18", and between each pair of kneesare trunnioned peculiarly-frme il grate-bars 19. The form of one ofthese grate-bars will be understood upon reference to Figs. and 6, fromwhich it. will be observed that ythey are provided with trunnions 20,toothed or serrated enlargements 21 along their inner edges, and a pairof perforated ears 22- for the attach K ment of a connecting-bar throughthe mediuin of which the grate-bars are oscillared. `sprocket-wheel 33,which is to receive motion from any suitable source.

The normal position of the grate-bars is that shown in Fig. 4, where itwill be observed that they are spaced apart vertically to per- `thegrates or clinker-grinderare collected by vthe inclined bottom 34 (whichmaybe conmit the free passage of air between them, and they projectsuccessively beyond one another in a downwardly-extending series toafford vertical support for the superincumbent fuel. By such aconstruction of grate thev downward tendency of the fuel is effectuallyarrested until the grate-bars are oscillated, when the downward feedingof any adjacent material, such as clinker too large to pass between thegrate-bars, is caused to take place. The longitudinal enlargements 21 ofthe grate-bars are such that when the latter are moved to a positionapproximating that shownin Fig. 3 the ashes or consumed fuel contiguousto the grate, where combustion takes place, will be raked 0E or gatheredand caused to drop between the bars, while by the same operation thespaces are substantially closed against the passage of unconsumed fuel,and the latteris afforded Vertical support. A return of the grate-barsto the position shown in Fig.4 causes the clinker, dac. ,to feeddownwardly, as before explained. By the serrations or notches 23, formedin the enlargements of the grate-bars, interference or materialreduction of the supply of air or other support for combustion isprevented, while not impair-ing the function of the enlargements 21 inpreventing waste of unconsumed fuel.

Oscillating movement may be imparted to the grate-bars 19 in variousways. I have Iillustrated in Fig. 3 a bar 24, connecting all of the ears22 and having direct connection 'y through a pitman 25 with anoperating-lever 26, fulcrumed at 27 on the outside of the fur- Valves 17coperate with nace, so that the grate-bars may be manually oscillated atwill. The con necti ngebar 24 may, however, be connected through apitman 25L with a lever 26a ou a shaft 27', which extends longitudinallythrough the wall of the furnace i and is there provided with means foractuating ift-such, for instance, as a handle 261.

The clin ker grinder and discharger, located formed with projections 31,the wheels on the shafts and the projections on the bars being :spacedapart a distance corresponding api proximatelyto the thickness of thewheels and 'i so located that the teeth of the wheels and proljectionson the bars overlap, the teeth on the `wheels of yone shaft entering andguarding Ethe spaces between the wheels on the other shaft and theprojections on the bars entering and guarding the spaces between thewheels on the outer sides of the shafts. lshafts 28 extendlongitudinally through the furnace and are caused to vrotate in unisonby'intermeshing gear-wheels 32 at one orboth ends, rotary motion beingimparted through The any suitable means-such, for instance, as a Ashesand' ground clinker passing through veniently formed by a filling ofcement) into a trough 35', fitted with a wormlscrew 3b'. The trough 35terminates at one end in an `ash-pit 37, from which the ashes mayreadily `be removed.

.of the furnace by the supporting-plates 40,

which. likewise afford convenient mounting for the shafts 28. At one endI provideA an inlet 41 for air or a mixture of air and steam` to supportthe combustion, while opposite said inlet within the chamber 39 is adeiecltor 42 to divide the current of air and cause it to pass equallyin opposite directions through flues 43 into the spaces beneath thefire-pot. rlhe flues 43 are preferably lined by plates 44..

A furnace as above described is especially adapted for economicallyhandling waste coal IIO or coal in very finely-divided condition andcausing complete combustion of the same without material waste.

The furnace illustrated is designed more particularly for the productionof gas, which is driven off from the material and caused to escapethrough an opening 45 beneath the arch; but it is obvious that thefeatures of my invention may be embodied with equal advantage infurnaces constructed for other purposes.

Iam aware that it has been proposed to construct a grate ofreciprocating or oscillating bars having' substantially-horizontalsupporting ends which when reciprocated from horizontal positiondownward are intended to cause the ashes and fuel to feed downwardly;

`but experience has demonstrated that the ue light ashes from line fuelwill not move under the influence of these grate-bars, but willaccumulate about them and hold back the clinker, while allowingunconsumed heavier fuel to go to the bottom and be discharged. By myconstruction I insure proper action of the ashes and fuel by cutting outor raking olf the tine ashes by means of the upward oscillation of theplates and cause said ashes to discharge through the openings betweenthe plates. The clinker is then left under full control of the gratebars or plates and by the relu rn movement ofthe latter is forceddownward without unduly disturbing the unconsumed fuel.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as newtherein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a furnace, the combination of a grate made up of adownwardly-inclined series of trunnioned or pivoted bars projecting onebeyond another inwardly toward the fire and normally presentingapproximately-horizontal portions for affording vertical support to thefuel, and means for rocking said bars in a direction to move their inneredges from said normal toward a vertical position, whereby adjacentmaterial is raked upward.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a grate composed of adownwardly-inclined series of pivoted or tru n nioned bars projectingone beyoud the other inwardly toward the fire, normally presentingapproximately-horizontal portions affording vertical support for thefuel, provided with enlargements along their protruding inneredges whichrakein the ashes when the bars are oscillated, and suitable means foroscillating the bars in a direction to cause their said inner enlargededges to rake upward from horizontal toward vertical position.

3. In a furnace, a grate made up of a number of trunnioned harsprojecting one beyond another in downwardly-inclined series, suitablyspaced apart for the passage of air between them, formed withenlargements upon their inner edges neXt the fire, which close thespaces between them when they are oscillated in a direction to move saidenlargements upward toward vertical position, and having suitable meansfor oscillating them in unison in such direction.

4. In a furnace, a grate made upof a nninber of trunnioned barsprojecting one beyond the other in a downwardly-inclined seriesaffording Vertical support to the fuel resting upon them, spaced apartfor the passage of air between them and permilting the escape of ashesbetween them when rocked in adirection to move their edges neXt the fireupward toward vertical position, an d having enlargements along theirinner ends for closing the passages between them against the escape offuel when they are moved toward vertical position; said enlargementsbeing toothed or serrated to avoid cutting off the supply of air;substantially as herein set forth.

5. In a furnace, the combination of the downwardly-inclined series ofsubstantiallyhorizontal grate-bars suitably trunnioned, a bar connectingsaid grate-bars in series, and means for imparting movement to theconnecting-bar to oscillate the grate-bars from horizontal towardvertical position, and causing them to rake the adjacent fine ashes intothe discharging-spaces between them; substantially as herein set forth.

6. In a furnace, the combination of the knees or supports 18 formed withthe vertical portions 1S and inclined portions 18 in conformity with thevertical section of the tirepot, two series of grate-bars trunnioned inthe inclined portions of said knees and spaced apart to permit them toassume an approximately-horizontal position and to be moved toward avertical position, a clinker-crusher located at the angles of the knees,and means for oscillating said grate-bars at will; substantially as setforth.

7. A normally-horizontal oscillating gratebar having a flat{ire-supporting portion and an upwardly-raking enlargement along itsedge distant from the trunnions.

8. The herein-described grate-bar 19 having trunnions 2O at itsrespective ends, formed with a longitudinal enlargement 2l along theedge next the tire, and with projections 22 upon its other edge forattachment of means for oscillating it; substantially as set forth.

9. The herein-described normally-horizontal fiat grate-bar 19constructed with trunnions 20 at its respective ends, and with anenlargement 2l along its inner edge distant from the trunnions, serratedor toothed, substantially as shown.

l0. In a furnace, a series of overlapping pivoted grate-plates havingnorm all y-horizontal flat supporting portions, and presenting normallya continuous support for fine fuel without vertical passage through thegrate, and means for moving the horizontal portions of said plates fromhorizontal to vertical position; whereby they open vertical passagesbetween them and rake thereinto the adjacent fine ashes; substantiallyas set forth.

11. In a furnace, the combination of the IOO IOS

trunnioned grate-bars spaced apart for the escape of ashes between themwhen moved towardvertical position, and having means for oscillatingthem to cause thein to feed downward clinker or other products ofcombustion too large to pass between them, and the clinker grinder anddischarger located at the bottom of the fire-pot formed by saidgrates;su bstantially as herein explained.

12. In a furnace-grate, a plurality of overlappingpivoted grate-bars, orplates, suitably spaced apart, provided with norrnally-horizontal flatsupporting portions, aording support for ne fuel Without verticalpassage through the grate and with raking enlargements or flanges alongtheir edges distant from their trunnions, and means for moving thehorizontal portions of said bars or plates from horizontal positionupward toward vertical position to open vertical passages between thebars or plates and rake into said passages ashes adjacent thereto.

JAMES GARDNER SANDERSON. Witnesses:

C. CoMEeYs, R. L. FRANCOIS.

